69传媒

...is social demotion. In other words, public humiliation. Failure, writ large.

Flunked. Held back. Retained. It鈥檚 failure, no matter what you call it. Imposed by adults, some of whom Suffered by children who struggle with learning, for any one of a galaxy of reasons.

And it seems to be all the rage, part and parcel of the Invisible Hand School of education policy which promotes technocratic carrot-stick solutions, from merit pay to performance evaluations based on student test data. who haven鈥檛 achieved an equally arbitrary reading level. In at least four more states, policy-makers are eager to join the Third Grade Crackdown club.

Their clich茅d rationale: We鈥檙e not doing kids a favor by social promotion, letting them move forward without the requisite skills to succeed. Definition of success: pass the reading test.

Well, we鈥檙e not doing kids favors by flunking them, either. Says

The frustrating thing? The to-flunk-or-not-to-flunk debate would not exist if we didn鈥檛 place our children in an arbitrary system that automatically grades them, in all senses of 鈥済rade:" dividing them into clusters by age, plus the practice of assessing their intelligence, effort, accomplishment and even character by letter marks and standardized test data. All of these practices are so familiar that they feel natural--scientifically precise, even reasonable.

But they鈥檙e not. We鈥檙e held captive by a flawed and unworkable system, from the turn of the last century when a tide of immigrant students flooded city schools and were au courant. Sorting students by age, standardizing their curriculum and rank-ordering their achievement has been embedded American education practice for well over a century. Nothing is ever neat and tidy in education, however--especially learning. 鈥淕rade level鈥� expectations vary widely, state to state, teacher to teacher, and from one decade to another. They, too, are arbitrary.

Consider that Finnish children begin formal schooling, including reading instruction, at age seven. A single year before Oklahoma, Arizona and Indiana start separating out weak readers by law and labeling them unsuccessful. At age eight.

Berliner makes the case that retaining students is costly-- an average of $10, 000 per retention--and the . Oddly, in a time when economic efficiency is righteously pursued in public education, this doesn鈥檛 seem to be a factor. Lawmakers and commenters seem bent on penalties, but it鈥檚 hard to put a finger on who deserves blame when kids aren鈥檛 reading fluently by the third grade.

Header from article in : When a child repeats a grade, it reflects positively on the district. But for the individual, it can be an irreversible step backward. Since some districts must be positively glowing with success.

As a middle school teacher who鈥檚 attended dozens of retention meetings, this is my observation: most retentions of older children aren鈥檛 based on inherent academic weakness. They happen because kids have checked out, stopped trying. Failing a grade is used as both threat and punishment. Although it鈥檚 rare, there are cases where retention is the right decision. But that call should be made by teachers and parents, not at the statehouse.

Chatting with teachers in a turnaround school last month, a 5th grade teacher told me she had a 14-year old boy in her classroom. A fifth grader who shaves, and is eligible for driver training next summer. He has been retained three times. District policy requires holding children back when they don鈥檛 meet state benchmarks. Clearly, failing this boy has not 鈥渨orked鈥� to improve his academic success--and coming to school is a daily reminder of being left behind.

Are we so unimaginative that we can鈥檛 find a better way than failing children?