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The Clayton County, Ga., school district is now on the brink of being the first school system in nearly four decades鈥攁nd the first ever in Georgia鈥攖o lose its accreditation, after a vote this month by a national school accrediting group to enforce a Sept. 1 deadline for major improvements.

The loss of accreditation would mean that students in the 53,000- student district, south of Atlanta, could have trouble being accepted to college, that high school graduates wouldn鈥檛 be eligible for the state鈥檚 HOPE college scholarships, and that the district would not be allowed to offer the state-financed pre-K program.

鈥淭he opportunity is up to them,鈥� Mark Elgart, the president and chief executive officer of the Atlanta- based Southern Association of Colleges and 69传媒, or SACS, a regional accrediting body, said in an interview after the March 15 Chicago meeting in which the group鈥檚 parent body affirmed the September deadline.

But Mr. Elgart added that he has little faith that members of the Clayton County school board can implement the recommendations without 鈥渟ignificant intervention鈥� from outside experts.

To district officials, the national group鈥檚 vote came as no surprise. Glenn Brock, a lawyer for the school board, called the Chicago meeting of the AdvancED Accreditation Commission, the regional accreditation group鈥檚 parent, a formality.

In a report issued Feb. 15, SACS portrayed a bickering and dysfunctional school board, and charged unethical behavior on the part of board members.

It gave the board six months to 鈥渟how cause鈥� that the district should remain accredited, either by refuting the accusations presented in the report or by demonstrating significant progress in nine areas. They include enacting and committing to an ethics policy, using outside consultants who are experts in conflict resolution, and hiring a permanent superintendent who can 鈥渆stablish the proper conditions for effectiveness.鈥�

If the district鈥檚 accreditation is revoked, it would have one year to work toward reinstatement. If that failed, it would need to begin the process from scratch, which could take two to three years, Mr. Elgart said.

Rare Sanction

Only a few other districts in the nation have approached the situation faced by the Clayton County district.

In 1969, the Duval County school district in Florida, now with 124,000 students, lost its accreditation, but all its schools are now accredited. And in 2005, SACS recommended that the 1,600-student Lanier County school district, in southern Georgia, lose its accreditation. But Lanier County was able to meet the recommendations in the 鈥渟how cause鈥� time frame.

School accreditation, which predates and is separate from the system of performance targets and sanctions set up under the federal No Child Left Behind Act, is a process that involves meeting a set of guidelines focused on school improvement and governance that are evaluated by outside professionals, not government officials.

In addition to the regional accrediting groups, some states still accredit schools on their own, although that process has largely become part of their accountability systems for education. In the case of Clayton County, however, the district is experiencing governance problems that the state鈥檚 accountability program does not address.

The national organization overseeing the Clayton County accreditation, AdvancED, was formed in 2006 through the combination of SACS, the North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement, and the National Study of School Evaluations, the AdvancedED research arm.

AdvancED, which has offices in Schaumberg, Ill.; Decatur, Ga.; and Tempe, Ariz., represents more than 23,000 public and private schools in 30 states and 65 countries, including more than 6,000 school districts.

SACS鈥� current investigation into the Clayton County district, which it had examined on a separate occasion several years ago, started in October after some board members began to launch accusations of impropriety against each other.

According to the SACS report, the violations include a vote by a board member for a raise that would benefit his wife, a teacher in the district; a vote by another member to give her husband a job in the district; and a vote by a third member to fire a football coach who wouldn鈥檛 give her videotapes of her son鈥檚 games.

Four of the board members are also aligned with a for-profit professional group called the Metro Association of Classroom Educators, or MACE, which regularly stages protests at school board meetings.

Board Actions

The school board has already made a few moves to address the issues in the report, such as considering the appointment of what they are calling a 鈥渃orrective superintendent,鈥� who would be hired to specifically pull the district out of its mess. The district currently has an interim superintendent, Gloria Duncan.

At its March 3 meeting, the board also voted to declare vacant the seat held by Norreese Haynes, also the executive director of MACE, because he doesn鈥檛 actually reside in the county.

But members of the public, outraged by the behavior of board members, have called for all the members to resign, and Mr. Elgart has himself said that he doesn鈥檛 believe the current members will be able to overcome their difficulties and keep the district鈥檚 accreditation.

As the first district in Georgia this close to losing its accreditation, Clayton County has prompted state leaders to do what they can to provide help. But state schools Superintendent Kathy Cox said in a Feb. 22 press release that state officials 鈥渉ave limited legal authority over issues of accreditation and local governance.鈥�

Still, Gov. Sonny Perdue, a Republican, last month appointed two state school board members as special liaisons to work as advisers to the district. He also called for audits of the district鈥檚 finances and student attendance records, as well as a review of board elections.

And in the state legislature, a Republican lawmaker is sponsoring a bill to create a private-schoolvoucher program specifically for students attending schools that lose their accreditation or persistently underperform.