69传媒

Charlotte Kreuder, in her first year as the principal of Littlejohn Elementary School here, has a track record of helping teachers make changes in instruction based on analysis of students鈥� test scores.

In her previous job, as the principal at Taylor Park Elementary School in Freeport, Ill., she helped teachers and students set learning goals derived from data analysis. That effort, she believes, helped the school narrow a large gap in test performance between African-American and white students and significantly raise the state-test scores of all its students.

鈥淲e got teachers wrestling with the data,鈥� she says. 鈥淭hose areas they decided to focus on, students almost inevitably did better on.鈥�

Now Kreuder wants to accomplish something similar at Littlejohn Elementary. Here, it鈥檚 a different subgroup of students that lags behind in performance on Illinois鈥� standardized reading and math tests. English-language learners, who make up 19 percent of the school鈥檚 490 pupils, aren鈥檛 doing well鈥攁nd Kreuder accepted her new job partly because she wanted to help teachers turn that situation around.

As a first step, she鈥檚 building on the 4,500-student DeKalb school district鈥檚 efforts to implement a computerized testing system called the Benchmark Assessment System, which is produced by Tungsten Learning, a division of New York City-based Edison 69传媒 Inc.

The K-5 Littlejohn Elementary is one of three schools in the DeKalb district in their second year of using the commercial online system. With the system, students in 2nd grade and up take monthly math and reading tests that are aligned with the Illinois Standards Achievement Test, or ISAT, given every April. Whenever Illinois makes changes in the ISAT, Tungsten Learning alters its monthly tests to reflect those changes.

Close Alignment

The roughly 20 multiple-choice questions students answer in both mathematics and reading each month are designed to test them throughout the school year on what they are supposed to know by the end of the year for their grade level. Every two months, the mini-tests cover all the standards for that grade that will be assessed on the ISAT. It takes students a total of about two hours each month to take both tests, teachers say.

The DeKalb district requires teachers to meet in grade-level teams for another two hours each month to look at students鈥� results in various reports and decide how to teach the standards that students are weak on. For those meetings, the district hires substitutes to take over the teachers鈥� classes. It also provides a facilitator for most meetings.

At Littlejohn Elementary, teachers are responding to the charge to design lessons so that students can get more of the Tungsten questions right鈥攁nd ultimately do well on the ISAT or the modified version that English-language learners take.

In February, for example, many of Marty Brown鈥檚 5th graders missed math questions on using tables, graphs, and symbols. 鈥淲ith the ISAT being given a couple of weeks from now, I鈥檒l pull out some books on that,鈥� Brown says.

In her class, the students themselves track what percentage of questions they get right on each test and fill out forms explaining what stumped them. 鈥淚 forgot temporarily what an antonym was,鈥� writes one 5th grade girl.

To the casual observer, it seems that Kreuder and other DeKalb administrators are urging Littlejohn Elementary teachers simply to 鈥渢each to the test.鈥�

But Kreuder has a different take. Because both the ISAT and Tungsten tests are based on the Illinois standards, she says, 鈥測ou鈥檙e not teaching to the test. You are teaching to what students need to know and be able to do.鈥�

Challenges With English-Learners

Janet L. Roschmann, who teaches the bilingual section of 2nd graders at Littlejohn, says she鈥檚 torn about using the Tungsten system with her pupils, all of whom are English-language learners. 鈥淚 like the experience kids get practicing that kind of testing,鈥� she says. 鈥淚 just wish it wasn鈥檛 every month.鈥�

She says the assessments give her more specific information, such as that her students don鈥檛 know how to summarize well, than she might pick up on her own. But she wonders if the results are skewed because children get some answers right by guessing. In addition, her students easily get thrown off in test-taking by unfamiliar proper nouns or vocabulary words, she says.

In response to some teachers鈥� frustrations, Principal Kreuder has provided guidelines for assessing English-learners with Tungsten. She decided, for example, that students at the lowest of the school鈥檚 three levels of English proficiency don鈥檛 have to take the Tungsten reading test.

69传媒 take the Tungsten tests online using iBook laptop computers and a wireless system. Most students like taking the tests, perhaps in part because they like using the laptops, teachers say.

But for about two months last fall, the district and company technicians couldn鈥檛 figure out how to correct a slowdown in the computer system. At that time, 鈥渢he kids could have taken a vacation between questions one and two,鈥� quips Kim L. Lyle, a 3rd grade teacher who has generally embraced the Tungsten system.

鈥淚t was a bother,鈥� says Kreuder, adding that technical problems can really affect 鈥渢eacher buy-in.鈥�

But she鈥檚 also grateful for what the technology behind the Tungsten system provides. The computers correct the tests, and teachers can sort student results many different ways within seconds. Back in the state鈥檚 Freeport district, Kreuder manually manipulated data on her computer to produce reports for data analysis.

By Roschmann鈥檚 estimate, about half the teachers at Littlejohn Elementary are convinced that the Tungsten system is worth the effort, while Lyle estimates that 75 percent are on board.

Roschmann says she鈥檚 keeping an open mind about Kreuder鈥檚 belief that mining data can improve student achievement: 鈥淪he is helping us to see the importance of the data and finding manageable ways of collecting it.鈥�