Washington
Democrats on the Senate education committee used the confirmation hearing of President Donald Trump鈥檚 nominee for a top K-12 position to lambast U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos鈥� implementation of the Every Student Succeeds Act.
Frank Brogan, the nominee for assistant secretary of elementary and secondary education, will oversee implementation of ESSA if he is confirmed.
DeVos, argued Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., has been rubber-stamping ESSA plans, approving them even if they don鈥檛 comply with provisions in the law to protect vulnerable subgroups of students and fix low-performing schools. (So far, the department has approved ESSA plans for 33 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.)
鈥淣ow that the law is passed and beginning to be implemented, I am very concerned the Department of Education is approving state plans that do not comply with all of ESSA鈥檚 federal guardrails,鈥� said Murray, the committee鈥檚 top-ranking Democrat, at the Jan. 25 hearing.
But Sen. Lamar Alexander, R-Tenn., the committee chairman, said he is pleased with the way DeVos is implementing the law, which passed with big bipartisan support in 2015.
鈥淪he is charting new territory鈥攁pproving plans that give states dramatic new freedom to set goals and hold students accountable,鈥� he said. 鈥淎nd I believe she is following the law鈥攁ppropriately balancing the law鈥檚 flexibility and guardrails.鈥�
Complexities in the Law
Murray ticked off a number of things in approved plans she finds problematic. She said the department has approved plans that allow schools to get the highest rating, an A, in their state鈥檚 school rating system鈥攅ven if subgroups of students such as racial and ethnic minorities and those with disabilities are falling behind. Murray did not name the states, but sources have flagged problems with Arizona, Indiana, Maryland, and New Mexico.
ESSA doesn鈥檛 specifically say schools can鈥檛 get an A if the performance of subgroups of students is iffy. But the law does require states to base their ratings at least in part on subgroup performance on each indicator of the accountability system and to flag schools where any subgroup of students struggles for improvement, or 鈥渢argeted鈥� support.
And Murray isn鈥檛 happy that some of the approved plans use the same criteria for what鈥檚 supposed to be two separate groups of schools singled out for extra help: schools where subgroups are 鈥渃onsistently underperforming鈥� (a term states get to define) and 鈥渃hronically underperforming鈥� (which ESSA defines as a school where subgroups of students are doing as badly as the students in the worst schools in the state). Delaware and Washington state both have that issue.
鈥淚 believe in this law and I鈥檓 not going to stop raising these issues until the department resolves them,鈥� Murray said.
She noted that DeVos hasn鈥檛 appeared before the committee to testify on ESSA implementation. That鈥檚 a contrast, she said, to President Barack Obama鈥檚 last education secretary, John B. King Jr., who testified twice during the first year of ESSA implementation.
Sharing Concerns
Other Democrats shared Murray鈥檚 qualms.
Sen. Maggie Hassan, D-N.H., said the department hasn鈥檛 been consistent when it comes to the use of so-called 鈥渟upersubgroups,鈥� which combine groups like English-language learners, students in special education, and minority students into a larger group for accountability purposes. Civil rights advocates have said supersubgroups mask achievement gaps and are an ESSA no-no.
The department鈥檚 feedback letters to states on their ESSA plans raised questions about supersubgroups. But states were able to get them into their approved plans, including Alexander鈥檚 home state of Tennessee. The Volunteer State showed the department that more schools would be identified as needing extra help using supersubgroups than would be flagged otherwise.
Brogan, nominee for assistant secretary, didn鈥檛 commit to outlawing supersubgroups鈥攐r anything else.
Instead, Brogan said, 鈥淚鈥檓 working under the absolute belief that the plans that have been approved were compliant with the law.鈥� He said he鈥檇 be able to gather more information once he is confirmed. As a nominee, he explained, he isn鈥檛 allowed to get involved in issues such as plan approval.
Brogan鈥檚 own background played second fiddle to the ESSA concerns.
He has been a state schools chief, lieutenant governor, principal, teacher, and school superintendent. As Florida鈥檚 state chief in the mid-to-late 1990s, Brogan championed higher academic standards. And he supported using tax dollars for private schools.
Brand-new Sen. Doug Jones, D-Ala., seized on Brogan鈥檚 support for vouchers, noting that in Alabama private schools were formed to help white families get around racial segregation. Jones said he doesn鈥檛 want to see schools like those getting federal money.
Brogan said he鈥檚 merely in favor of more choices for parents.
鈥淚 have no interest in privatizing the public education system, which serves obviously the lion鈥檚 share of children today,鈥� Brogan said.
Despite the fireworks on ESSA, Brogan appears headed for confirmation. One promising sign: He was introduced by Sen. Bill Nelson of Florida, a Democrat, who called him a friend.
