Several dozen states are looking for an alternative to the GED high-school-equivalency test because of concerns that a new version coming out next year is more costly and will no longer be offered in a pencil-and-paper format.
The responsibility for issuing high-school-equivalency certificates or diplomas rests with states, and they鈥檝e relied on the General Education Development exam since soon after the test was created to help returning World War II veterans.
But now 40 states and the District of Columbia are participating in a working group that鈥檚 considering what鈥檚 available besides the GED, and two test-makers are hawking new exams.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a complete paradigm shift because the GED has been the monopoly. It鈥檚 been the only thing in town for high-school-equivalency testing. It鈥檚 kind of like Kleenex at this point,鈥� said Amy Riker, the director of high-school-equivalency testing for the , which developed one of the alternative tests.
Rule Changes Sought
Last month, New York state, Montana, and New Hampshire announced they were switching to a new high-school-equivalency exam, and California officials began looking into amending regulations to drop the requirement that the state use only the GED test. Missouri has requested bids from test-makers and plans to make a decision this month. Several others states, including Indiana, Iowa, Maine, and Massachusetts, are looking into alternative exams, and New Jersey and Tennessee are exploring offering more than one test.
鈥淭he national situation is definitely fluid,鈥� said Tom Robbins, Missouri鈥檚 director of adult education and high school equivalency, noting that other states plan to use the GED for now and bid later.
The pushback comes as the GED Testing Service prepares to introduce a new version of the exam in January. In the first revamp since for-profit Pearson VUE Testing acquired a joint-ownership interest in the nonprofit Washington-based GED Testing Service, the cost of the test is doubling to $120. That鈥檚 led to a case of sticker shock for test-takers, nonprofits, and states. Some states subsidize some or all of the expense of the exam, while others add an administrative fee. The new GED test will cost $140 to take in Missouri if the state sticks with it.
Kirk Proctor, of the Missouri Career Center, said the organization is looking for a way to cover the increased test cost for students participating in a GED-preparation and job-training program he oversees. He said his students can鈥檛 come up with $140, noting they need help paying for the current, cheaper test.
鈥淎 lot of them are just barely making it,鈥� he said. 鈥淭ransportation is a challenge. Eating is a challenge. For them, coming up with $140 for an assessment, it鈥檚 basically telling them, 鈥楩orget about ever getting this part of your life complete.鈥� 鈥�
One program participant, Nicole Williams, a 21-year-old Kansas City mother of three, said she was hopeful she鈥檇 pass the GED test soon so she could avoid the electronic version. With it, she said, 鈥測ou鈥檝e got to learn how to type, use the computer, plus your GED. That鈥檚 three things instead of just trying to focus all on your GED test.鈥�
Developers say the new version is needed because nearly all states are adopting tougher math and reading standards to ensure students are prepared for college and careers. Because the new version is so different, a million or so adults who have passed some but not all of the five parts of the current GED test must complete the missing sections by Dec. 31 or their scores will expire.
鈥淭he GED was in dangerous position of no longer being a reflection of what high schools were graduating,鈥� said Randy Trask, the president and CEO of the GED Testing Service, which previously was solely operated by the nonprofit American Council on Education.
Online Format Benefits
He said the computerized version, which students are passing at higher rates than the paper version in pilot sites, will be cheaper to administer because states will no longer have to pick up the tab for tasks like grading the exam. For test-takers who fail a section, the computerized version provides details about what skills they need to work on before retaking the exam.
鈥淚 personally went into it a little bit naively,鈥� said Mr. Trask of the new version. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 know why I expected a marching band, but I did because I鈥檓 convinced that what we are doing is the right thing for the adults in this country.鈥�
Competitors have responded with a paper version and a cheaper base price, although the GED Testing Service said its price includes services the other two test-makers do not. The alternative exams鈥� makers also said they would work with states to find ways to combine scores from the GED with their new exams so students who have passed some sections of the current GED won鈥檛 be forced to start from scratch. The GED Testing Service said that would undermine the validity of a state鈥檚 equivalency credential or diploma.
Mr. Trask also said he feared the competing exams would be confusing for colleges and employers. But states considering switching say they will put more emphasis on the equivalency credential or diploma they issue rather than the test taken to earn it.
Art Ellison, who leads the bureau of adult education in New Hampshire, called the sudden choice in the exams 鈥渢he new reality of adult education.鈥� His state and Montana are switching to , a $50 test that the Educational Testing Service is offering.
Both states said cost influenced their decision. Montana Superintendent Denise Juneau said in a news release that residents 鈥渓ooking to improve their economic situation by obtaining a high-school-equivalency diploma should not have to overcome a significant financial barrier in order to achieve that goal.鈥�
Skills Gap
Mr. Ellison also noted that a paper option was important because many students in adult education classes lack the skills needed to take a computer-based test, and that it would take time to beef up the courses to add that training.
Meanwhile, New York chose California-based CTB/McGraw-Hill鈥檚 new . Developers said it will range in price from $50 to $60.
Chancellor Merryl Tisch of the state board of regents said in a news release that without the change, New York would have had to pay the GED test-maker twice as much or limit the number of test-takers because state law bars residents from being charged to take the equivalency exam.
鈥淲e can鈥檛 let price deny anyone the opportunity for success,鈥� she said.
