School districts across the country are planning a full return to face-to-face instruction next year, a major milestone that reflects a rosier coronavirus picture. But some districts鈥攁nd entire states鈥攁re going a step further, eliminating remote learning altogether, or severely restricting its use.
Those decisions worry many advocates and experts. They fear that schools are squandering a chance to harness technology to make school work better for students and families. And they think schools are being shortsighted; without a robust remote option, they will be ill-prepared to respond if COVID-19 levels spike again.
鈥淓veryone wants to get back to normal. But snapping back to normal when we know that didn鈥檛 work well for too many kids, that鈥檚 a real danger,鈥� said Robin Lake, the CEO of the Center on Reinventing Public Education, which has been monitoring schools鈥� responses to the pandemic. 鈥淎re districts really going to force families to bring their kids back? That鈥檚 a bad look.鈥�
Few districts are taking that approach. Most are committed to providing some kind of online option, said Dan Domenech, the executive director of AASA, the School Superintendents Association. He thinks that鈥檚 important: Having a remote option can help kids catch up, or let them move ahead when they鈥檝e mastered material, he said. But other forces can push districts into an either/or stance.
鈥淭he politics of this thing have gotten to the point where remote learning is undesirable, and so [some districts feel] all kids need to be back in school in person,鈥� Domenech said.
Districts and states eliminate or restrict remote-learning options
While some districts, like Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Portland, Ore., are choosing to retain remote options for students, others are restricting them.
New York City, with more than 1 million students, announced last week that no remote learning would be available next year. Some districts, such as Chicago, the District of Columbia, and Northside Independent in Texas, will allow remote instruction only for students who meet certain eligibility criteria, such as a medical condition that requires a student to stay at home.
These districts, and states that have made similar moves, are in a distinct minority. Data collected by Education Week show that 16 states require or expect all students to return in person in the fall, but only a handful have taken the additional step of banning or severely restricting remote learning.
New Jersey is the most prominent example. Its governor, last month that all instruction will be in person in the fall. and have advised their districts that they can鈥檛 offer remote as a standard learning option, but can provide it in very limited circumstances. Minnesota schools can鈥檛 offer remote instruction unless legislation to enable it passes this summer.
In a few states, questions about funding remote learning are creating uncertainty for school districts. South Carolina and Kentucky are considering less per-pupil funding for remote learners. Texas has not decided whether and how it would fund districts for students who want to learn from home.
That uncertainty has prompted some districts, including Houston, to say they鈥檇 offer a remote option 鈥渁s long as鈥� their state fully funds it.
Parents want a remote-learning option. What happens if schools dump it?
Studies show a clear and strong demand for an ongoing remote-learning option. In a survey last month by the National Parents Union, 20 percent of parents said they want their children to attend school only remotely this fall. In another recent poll, for education and civil-rights groups including the American Federation of Teachers, more than one quarter of parents said they鈥檙e not yet comfortable sending their children to school in person.
Principals, too, see a role for remote instruction. In a recent survey by the RAND Corp., one-third said they would keep offering the remote option after the pandemic for any family that chooses it. More than half said they鈥檇 use it for special circumstances like student illness.
Tafshier Cosby, a New Jersey resident who is the National Parents Union鈥檚 director of national organizing, said Gov. Murphy did himself no favors with parents when he decided that schools could not offer distance learning.
鈥淭o just arbitrarily make a decision for a whole state without talking to the people closest to the issue? It鈥檚 doing parents a disservice,鈥� said Cosby. 鈥淎nd frankly, it鈥檚 disrespectful.鈥�
In Newark, N.J., Tameeka Walden is struggling with Gov. Murphy鈥檚 decision. She has a health condition that puts her at higher risk for COVID-19. She鈥檇 hoped that her 11-year-old daughter, Samaya, who will start 6th grade next year, could continue learning from home.
Walden is vaccinated, but she still worries that Samaya could pick up the virus at school, transmit it to her, and be saddled with guilt about it. (There are currently no vaccines approved for children younger than 12.) Walden is preparing herself to face her daughter鈥檚 return to school鈥攁nd likely her own employer鈥檚 demand that she return to work in person鈥攂ut she wishes she had other options.
In New York City, Laura Mourino is trying to figure out what she鈥檒l do now that Mayor Bill DeBlasio has ruled out teaching from home. The 18-year math teacher donated a kidney to her husband, so they鈥檙e both immunocompromised. They鈥檙e vaccinated, but tests showed they didn鈥檛 develop COVID-19 antibodies. (There are still of the vaccines for immunocompromised people.)
Mourino is talking with the administration at her school, Harvest Collegiate Academy, to see if she could take a sabbatical or perhaps early retirement.
鈥淚 love my job. I love my school. I don鈥檛 want to leave,鈥� she said. 鈥淏ut there are going to be like 500 people crammed onto two floors. I don鈥檛 feel safe.鈥�
Remote learning didn鈥檛 work well for most students
Some teachers welcomed their districts鈥� decisions to eliminate or restrict remote learning, saying it didn鈥檛 work well for students or teachers.
Jake Jacobs, a middle school art teacher in New York City, isn鈥檛 a big fan of remote learning. Too often, he said, kids fell asleep in front of their screens, or showed up only long enough to be counted, and then logged off. Even so, he worries what effect ending the remote option might have on the spread of coronavirus variants among unvaccinated children, and he noted that a large chunk of city parents are still hesitant about in-person learning.
鈥淚t鈥檚 been a nightmare year,鈥� Jacobs said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 fair to say all teachers want things to get back to normal. So really, the only question is, are we going to be safe?鈥�
Meghan Hatch-Geary, a high school English teacher in Beacon Falls, Conn., and the state鈥檚 2020 teacher of the year, said she fully supports her district鈥檚 decision to discontinue remote learning next year. She鈥檚 currently teaching two groups of students simultaneously: most are in the classroom, and a few are at home. The students who鈥檝e struggled the most this year, she said, are those who stayed fully remote.
That鈥檚 true across the country. New data from the RAND Corp. shows that students who were fully remote this school year suffered academically and were more likely to be absent.
With case counts dropping in the area, and expanded vaccine availability for adolescents, Hatch-Geary thinks it鈥檚 reasonable for her district to ask students to return in person. Now that she鈥檚 been vaccinated, she feels safer coming into the building, too. The district is still working out how鈥攐r whether鈥攕tudents will keep learning if they have to quarantine next fall, Hatch-Geary said.
Texas鈥� Willis Independent School District won鈥檛 offer any remote options at all next year. The district鈥檚 been in hybrid mode since Labor Day, and a minority of students chose the district鈥檚 asynchronous at-home instruction. But they were the ones getting failing marks most often, said Superintendent Tim Harkrider.
Coronavirus levels are declining, vaccine rates are rising, and parents鈥� need their children to go to school鈥攎ost work two or more jobs. All those dynamics made required in-person instruction the best choice for Willis, Harkrider said.
鈥淚t just went back to that question of the best fit for our community and the lack of success of our online learners,鈥� he said. 鈥淲e felt we needed to draw a pretty hard line, let鈥檚 get them back.鈥�
Ditching remote-learning options could be a mistake
From a medical perspective, experts advise districts to be prepared.
Variants of the virus could still 鈥渙verwhelm the immune response鈥� of a population that鈥檚 gotten some protection from antibodies and vaccines, said Yvonne Maldonado, a professor of pediatrics and health research at Stanford University鈥檚 school of medicine. Another spike in the virus is 鈥渁bsolutely possible,鈥� she said.
Districts should also consider the level of vaccination in their communities, she said, since uptake is much lower in some regions than in others. Another slice of risk: state and regional directives banning mask mandates.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a mistake not to have a plan B in your back pocket,鈥� said Maldonado, the chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics鈥� committee on infectious diseases.
Having a remote option is important for families that have found it works best for their children, or those with kids who are medically at risk, said Mike Magee, the CEO of Chiefs for Change, a superintendents鈥� group. But superintendents need to work closely with families to make sure fear isn鈥檛 the reason they鈥檙e choosing remote. Studies show schools, with the right strategies, aren鈥檛 places of high virus transmission.
It pains Susan Patrick to think schools would eliminate or restrict remote learning in their rush to resume normal operations. As the president and CEO of the Aurora Institute, she鈥檚 been a leading voice for using technology to improve learning.
鈥淔or districts, it should be an opportunity to find out what worked for students and families, to talk to teachers about why,鈥� and design a more student-centered approach to learning, Patrick said. Those conversations 鈥渟tart to cause the education system to ask more and more difficult questions about how to improve, and that鈥檚 a good thing.鈥�
