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There鈥檚 just enough of a breeze on a Friday night in mid-September to animate the U.S. and Texas flags standing sentry at Comalander Stadium on the outskirts of San Antonio. The wind carries relief from 95-degree heat, as well as sounds of the marching band warming up on the field, to the hundreds of patrons filing through metal detectors at the stadium鈥檚 entrance.

A few attendees鈥攎ost here to see the home squad, the Roosevelt High School Rough Riders, take on the visiting Bulldogs from Alexander High School in Laredo鈥攁pproach with clear plastic bags, but most come carrying only what fits in their pockets. In a routine that is standard at airports, government buildings, and professional sporting events, they dump their effects into plastic bins and walk through the metal detector. Workers in neon green shirts pull some people aside to swipe a wand up and down their sides.

To make sure no one gets into the stadium with a weapon, Karen Funk, the North East Independent School District鈥檚 athletic director, has taken a few pages from the playbook of pro sports stadiums. They are costly, but necessary, she said.

鈥淲e encourage our kids, our students, to be in extracurricular activities and we encourage our parents to let their students be in extracurricular activities,鈥� said Funk. 鈥淪o, when they come to us, as a teacher, as an athletic director, I want them to know: Your child is safe.鈥�

In the opening weeks of this school year, at least seven shootings that have killed two people, including an 8-year-old girl, have occurred in or near stadiums filled with spectators watching high school football. One shooting鈥攊n a stadium in Mobile, Ala., last month鈥攊njured 11 people as the game was ending. Social media posts showed players taking cover on the field and attendees shielding themselves under bleachers.

Mass school shootings in Newtown, Conn., Parkland, Fla., and Santa Fe, Texas鈥攁nd the intense media coverage and political debates that surround them鈥攈ave forced school districts to grapple with how best to protect students and staff inside buildings, during the hours of a traditional school day.

But shootings and other violence at school-sponsored events after hours and off campus, are often seen as a different kind of problem鈥攐ne that emanates in communities and spills over and often involves people who aren鈥檛 students.

Extending safety measures鈥攚hich can be costly鈥攖o these venues that can draw thousands of people is a blind spot for many school districts, even though violence at or near school-sponsored athletic events is not that unusual, said Kenneth Trump, a school security expert who works with districts. In some districts, there鈥檚 tension over whether athletic departments must pay for additional security, or whether it should come from the district鈥檚 general budget.

But more districts are waking up to idea that providing safety beyond school buildings is a complex issue that deserves the same deliberation and smart planning, he said.

The 鈥楴ew Norm鈥�

Three years ago, North East ISD started using metal detectors at all sporting events. This past spring, the district began using metal detectors for graduation events. And this fall, it instituted a clear-bag policy.

Funk has been driving the new security initiatives.

She first started thinking about increasing security at athletic venues soon after the Texas legislature passed an open-carry law but while there was still confusion over where licensed gun owners could bring their firearms. (Guns are banned in schools and at school events except for certain personnel such as law enforcement.) In one instance, Funk said, a father, who had a permit, brought a gun into a stadium for an elementary school event. The episode, Funk said, prompted her to think about what the district could do to prevent a more-serious gun incident.

She worked with the district鈥檚 chief of police, Wally McCampbell, to install the metal detectors. So far, said McCampbell, the response from fans has been mostly positive.

鈥淭he very first [time] that we instituted the metal detectors was our biggest game of the year,鈥� he said, with over 9,000 spectators. 鈥淲e had crowds lined up for as far as you can see, and we did not have one, not a single negative comment, about the wait to go through, about having their bags checked. I hate to use the term, but it鈥檚 the 鈥榥ew norm.鈥� 鈥�

McCampbell and Funk stood together as kick-off neared for the Roosevelt vs. Alexander game, watching as patrons flowed through the metal detectors. (They even sent an Education Week reporter through with her prohibited black tote bag to see how screeners would react.)

Mike Sutton, a spectator who went to high school at Roosevelt and still attends nearly every home game, said the more-stringent security rules and screenings don鈥檛 bother him.

鈥淚 want to come in and go out the same way,鈥� he said. 鈥淭o make it back home is a blessing. Nowadays, you see so much in the news, someone goes to church and they don鈥檛 get to come home. You go to the store and you don鈥檛 get to come home. To have security at this level, I鈥檓 really a fan of it.鈥�

Keith Marty, superintendent of the Parkway school district in suburban St. Louis, laments that high school traditions like the Friday night football game have become security risks.

Last month, as his district hosted a football 鈥渏amboree鈥� for eight schools in the region, reports of gunfire outside of one high school stadium had people fleeing in panic. No one was injured. But the same night, in the vicinity of a football event with other local schools, a shooting killed an 8-year-old girl and injured three others.

The district has since tightened safety procedures, including adding more security, at sporting events, Marty said. Officials are also considering discontinuing hosting the jamboree because of the high risk, he said.

鈥淚 am a big fan of these kinds of activities because I think they create a good environment for kids outside of the school day,鈥� Marty said. 鈥淪o it saddens me that we would have to consider a time when we won鈥檛 allow, let鈥檚 say, spectators to go to games, or reduce the number. Because I think it鈥檚 just such a great atmosphere and it builds such great community.鈥�

Superintendents in the region鈥擲t. Louis has one of the highest rates of gun violence of any major city鈥攁re trying to address community violence that may spill into schools or spaces where their students spend time.

鈥淚t鈥檚 a very difficult discussion sometimes because it gets involved in politics, unfortunately,鈥� Marty said of gun violence. 鈥淲e are trying to emphasize how vitally important it is that we talk to our students [and] we talk about their safety. I don鈥檛 know what our role is quite honestly beyond that, but I think we do have to emphasize to our government and political leaders that we are impacted.鈥�

Safety in Big Venues

The dynamics of football games and their outdoor venues make security more challenging to manage than indoor spaces, like gyms. Football games also tend to draw large crowds.

鈥淚n many of these communities, high school football games will draw thousands, in some cases tens of thousands [of people] in smaller communities because it is the only sports entertainment and the biggest game in town,鈥� said Trump.

That鈥檚 why districts need to be strategic. They shouldn鈥檛 wait until the middle of the week to contact the local police to ask for additional officers to be at the game.

鈥淐ertainly security and police staffing are one piece of the puzzle, but there are many elements that you take into consideration,鈥� Trump said.

Among them:

• Ticket sales: Who can and cannot buy tickets?
  
• Entering and exiting: Once patrons enter, can they leave? What鈥檚 the procedure for re-entry?
  
• Screening: Will there be metal detectors or X-ray scans at the entrance? Are bags allowed? What about purses, wallets, backpacks and coolers?
  
• Rivalry: Do teams have a history of rivalry? Were there incidents at past meetings?
  
• Communication: Are announcers trained to give evacuation directions? Is there signage pointing people to exits?

The Tulsa, Okla., district is asking and answering those questions and has hammered out plans to prevent violence鈥攁 necessity after a shooting at a football game three years ago.

In that incident, a 13-year-old boy was injured when he was shot by another student in the temple with three minutes left in the last quarter. The shooter allegedly hid the gun under the bleachers before the game started, said Gil Cloud, the executive director of athletics in the Tulsa district.

That shooting forced Tulsa to change its security procedures for sporting events, which can draw up to 5,000 spectators, depending on the team and the sport. Each August, the district鈥檚 19 athletic directors and members of the police force have a planning meeting to review and revise safety procedures for athletic events, including assigning officers to all events ahead of time. The team works through a variety of safety scenarios and how to respond鈥攆rom shootings to tornados.

Campus police now conduct security sweeps of all the gymnasiums and stadiums 90 minutes before the start of the game. The stadiums and gymnasiums are equipped with cameras that can track who enters and leaves. Each high school event is staffed with a minimum of six officers from the district鈥檚 own police department. (Junior varsity and junior high school events have at least four officers.)

If the event is expected to have a huge turnout, like homecoming or playoffs, or if it鈥檚 two schools with a history of rivalry, two to four more officers are added, Cloud said.

The district police chief also contacts local police, including gang and drug task forces, to ask about brewing tensions and if an upcoming event needs additional police presence.

The athletic directors talk with school administrators to see if there are student disciplinary issues that might spill over into the games.

Tulsa also limits who can attend games, a change it adopted after discovering that students who didn鈥檛 attend the schools playing in a game were often the source of trouble.

If two schools are playing, only students from those schools are allowed to enter the stadium. Parents can attend, and students who are not enrolled in either of the schools can only attend with an adult.

Social media has made security at events more complicated too. Officials may know about more threats, anticipate potential conflict, and add extra staffing if necessary. But it also means that officials are spending a lot of time investigating what people say online.

And the district is still adapting, Cloud said. Earlier this month, a police officer patrolling the outside of a high school stadium arrested four people, including one with a gun, before they made their way inside for a football game. Since then, security officials have begun conducting random bag checks and using metal-detecting wands as people enter facilities.

鈥淚 think that it is incumbent upon us to ensure that not only our students are safe, but that our patrons are safe,鈥� Cloud said. 鈥淎nd with the availability of firearms today on the open market, anybody could just about own a gun 鈥� 鈥�

Still, Cloud said, even with robust measures to prevent violence, nothing is foolproof. Districts must be ready to react if something does happen.

鈥淲hat we have to do then is to know what our reaction would be if in fact something like that does occur,鈥� he said. 鈥淲hat our emergency plan is and where we evacuate people to, and what we do if you have an active shooter on the ground.鈥�

Easing the Security Process

To make screening run smoothly, Funk said she prepares visiting teams and their fans to expect the additional security measures.

North East ISD sends bulletins to schools they鈥檙e scheduled to play ahead of time detailing security measures the team and fans may not be familiar with, and the district posts signs at its stadiums explaining what is鈥攁nd isn鈥檛鈥攁llowed inside before patrons get to the metal detectors.

For busy games, North East ISD uses an express lane for fans who come in with nothing but what鈥檚 in their pockets.

Guns have always been a part of the culture here, but Funk said the difference between her years in high school in the 1970s and the mass shooting era of now is stark.

鈥淭here isn鈥檛 a person who is over 45 growing up in Texas, even in metropolitan areas, who didn鈥檛 have trucks in the high school parking with a gun rack in 鈥榚m because every boy went hunting in the fall,鈥� said Funk.

鈥淚t wasn鈥檛 鈥榪uote鈥� the killing machine that it was today. The philosophy has very much changed.鈥�

But some traditions haven鈥檛 changed.

The September Texas sky transitions from pastel blue to pink. A full, yellow moon glows behind the storied Friday night stadium lights that shine down on a tumble of helmeted boys in red, white, blue, and gold.

Cheerleaders, with perky white bows in their hair and glitter on their faces, chant 鈥淪tomp and scream for the Rider team!鈥�

The cheering of the crowd picks up and builds momentum as the players charge down the field to score a touchdown for the home team.