The rollout of a new 鈥渃ommunity eligibility option鈥� for federal school meals programs has gone smoothly, but one of the new option鈥檚 major advantages鈥攖he elimination of family income-eligibility surveys鈥攈as generated difficulties for other federal and state education programs in states participating so far.
Historically, the ready availability of free- and reduced-price lunch counts has made such data a favorite tool for allocating poverty-targeted federal aid among schools, as well as for disaggregating achievement of low-income students for accountability purposes. In fact, some states use school lunch data in their own education funding formulas.
Under the new option, being used in 10 states and the District of Columbia so far, schools are barred from collecting income-survey forms in conjunction with the meals program. That鈥檚 proved troubling for the federal Title I program, which directs money to low-income schools to provide additional services for low-achieving students.
Only 鈥楧irectly Certified鈥� Children
School lunch data play no part in determining how much Title I funding each district receives, but play a critical role in how districts subdivide their aid among individual schools. Although districts are allowed to use other types of poverty data for that purpose, 鈥渋t鈥檚 next to impossible to get that [data] for a school attendance area within a district,鈥� Montana鈥檚 state Title I director, B.J. Granbery, said at a conference of state Title I directors held in Washington this summer.
For more on how USDA rules are affecting school meals, see 鈥淩ollout of School Meals Option Popular, Report Says.鈥�
A similar difficulty involves disaggregation of student-achievement data for 鈥渆conomically disadvantaged,鈥� students, a key subgroup that must be tracked for accountability under the No Child Left Behind Act.
In a school participating in the new option, only children who have been 鈥渄irectly certified鈥� as eligible because
they already take part in other federal need-based programs can be identified with certainty as economically disadvantaged.
That provision will result in a mismatch with low-income data derived from traditional school lunch counts in other schools, and it may pose problems for 鈥済rowth models鈥� that depend on tracking individual students鈥� achievement by demographic characteristics.
A More Direct Approach
Some states have adopted a more direct approach to obtaining comparable income data: conducting a separate family-income survey divorced from the meals program. For example, in 2012-13, Kentucky and Michigan went that route.
The U.S. Department of Education issued preliminary guidance in 2012 suggesting work-arounds, and it is preparing comprehensive guidance for release later this fall.
At the summer Title I conference, Todd Stephenson, a grants management specialist for the department office that oversees Title I, emphasized that the agency is determined that data issues will not inhibit adoption of the community-eligibility option.
鈥淚f there is only thing you take from what I am saying, it is this: We do not want, nor do we think, that Title I should be the reason a school does not select [the option],鈥� he said. 鈥淲e believe that Title I can work as well with the school lunch program ... as it has previously.鈥�
