Parkland, Fla.
By the time Jim Gard realized he needed to lock down his classroom Wednesday, many of his students were out of reach.
A fire alarm had gone off inside Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School just as the school day was about to end, sending Gard and his math students into the hallway. It was strange, the teacher said, because they鈥檇 had a fire drill earlier in the day, but Gard followed the school鈥檚 safety protocols and ushered his students out, taking up the rear to make sure his classroom was empty.
Then the noise started.
鈥淲e heard all of these popping sounds,鈥 he said. 鈥淚 can鈥檛 count how many. There were a lot.鈥
Then the announcement: Code Red. A shooter was on campus. The popping was gunfire from a semi-automatic rifle that would eventually claim the lives of 17 students and adults and wound at least 14 others at the high school of more than 3,000 students.
It would become the third-deadliest school shooting in the nation鈥檚 history.
Before Gard could rush to pull his students back into his second-floor room, many had already made their way down the stairs, too far away to comply. He scrambled to take the six students who were standing in the hallway into the back corner of the classroom. He shut off the lights, locked the door, and quickly taped a piece of thick paper over the little window so no one could see in.
Unaware that one of the worst mass shootings in U.S. history was unfolding in their building, Gard and his students would spend more than an hour in the dark, quietly reassuring each other and trying to account for the classmates who weren鈥檛 there with them.
69传媒 at the Broward County high school are well-practiced in shooting drills, officials said.
鈥淭he kids knew exactly what to do and where to go and how to get there,鈥 Gard said, recalling a recent training session with local police.
But they weren鈥檛 prepared for a set of circumstances that would scramble every safety protocol they had practiced in their drills.
Officials said Nikolas Cruz, 19, who had been expelled from the school the previous year, had entered the building and started firing on students congregating in the hallways after a fire alarm had driven them from their classrooms. He was reportedly equipped with a gas mask and smoke grenades. After apparently discarding his weapon鈥攁n AR-15, a similar weapon used in other mass shootings鈥擟ruz walked out of the building, blending in with the students to make an easy escape.
He was later arrested in a nearby town and charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder.
A Broward County Sheriff鈥檚 Office report says Cruz has confessed to being the shooter.
On Thursday, residents of Parkland鈥攐nce listed as one of the safest cities in America鈥攕tarted a conversation that communities around the country have had after their own school shootings: What, if anything, could have been done differently? How do you prepare for such a perfect storm of complicated circumstances?
鈥淣othing鈥攏othing in the world鈥攊s going to stop somebody who wants to create mass tragedies like this,鈥 Broward County Superintendent Robert Runcie told Education Week. 鈥淎ll we can do is minimize it, and that鈥檚 what the training does.鈥
Runcie said the school officials had done exactly what they were trained to do under the circumstances.
鈥淭he school went to the most severe state of lock down status,鈥 he said. 鈥淥ur first responders on the campus basically sacrificed their lives to help save our kids.鈥
Some students said they couldn鈥檛 make sense right away of what was unfolding. There鈥檇 already been a fire drill that day. And they鈥檇 never experienced a safety drill at dismissal time.
鈥業 Didn鈥檛 Want Them to Panic鈥
Amid the confusion and fear, Gard said his students behaved according to plan when he called them in for a lockdown, but he was concerned about the ones who were missing.
He quieted his mind and sought to reassure his students.
Why were they in a Code Red? 鈥淭hey鈥檇 been planning for another lock down drill, so maybe that was it,鈥 he told them.
What was all of that noise? 鈥淢aybe someone is shooting blanks,鈥 he said.
鈥淚 didn鈥檛 want them to panic,鈥 Gard said.
But after a few more pops and the sounds of sirens outside, he asked his students to call their parents. One girl was so emotional and overwhelmed that she handed her phone to her teacher, who reassured her mother: 鈥淭hey鈥檙e well taken care of. We鈥檙e secure. No one is going to come in here. I will make sure that these children will be fine.鈥
Huddled with his students and not sure what was happening, Gard checked his email. Teachers throughout the building were emailing one another with lists of students they鈥檇 pulled into their classrooms before the lockdown started.
He ran down his roster, marking off students who鈥檇 been absent that day and everyone he could account for in another classroom. He enlisted his students to text their classmates, checking to be sure they were ok.
All but three were accounted for.
Then the class started to hear banging on the floor below them. The banging continued until there was pounding on Gard鈥檚 classroom door.
鈥淧olice!鈥 a person announced.
鈥淧rove it!鈥 Gard yelled back, pulling back the paper over his classroom window so he could see the officer鈥檚 badge as he held it up to the glass.
Officers entered the classroom and walked Gard and the students out single-file. Each person鈥檚 hands rested on the shoulders of the person in front of them.
The students didn鈥檛 see any signs of the shooting as they left the building. Occasionally officers would say 鈥渓ook left! Keep looking left!鈥 to divert their attention as they evacuated, Gard said.
Walking out into a holding area where other teachers and students were gathering, Gard spotted the last three students he couldn鈥檛 account for.
鈥淚 felt like I found all of my children,鈥 he said.
But that moment of relief gave way to the unspeakable losses.
As Superintendent Runcie walked by the building Wednesday, he saw lifeless bodies through a window.
鈥淚t鈥檚 horrific, horrific,鈥 he said.
Into the night Wednesday, families whose children were missing started sharing photos on social media, hoping to learn, however improbably, that they weren鈥檛 among the victims.
By Thursday morning, officers had identified all of the victims, Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel said, but a few bodies remained in the school as investigators worked to process a large and complicated crime scene.
Freshman Isaac Briones, 15, brought 17 white balloons to his school Thursday morning, one for each classmate and adult who died. They included an assistant football coach who worked as a security guard, hailed as a hero after some said he stepped in front of bullets to protect students; an athletic director, and a friend Briones had been joking around with in first period earlier that day.
鈥淚 couldn鈥檛 really sleep last night,鈥 Briones said, clasping the balloons in one hand and speaking in calm tones. 鈥淚 still can鈥檛 believe this is happening.鈥
Nearby, senior David Hogg, 17, walked up to cable news satellite trucks, offering to share video files with them from his cellphone. He wanted the world to see what he had experienced, he said.
During the shooting, Hogg interviewed his classmates about how they were feeling. He hoped the clips would give people a glimpse of what the students experienced, he said.
鈥淚f you look around this closet and saw everyone just hiding together, you would see that this shouldn鈥檛 be happening to anyone, and that it doesn鈥檛 deserve to happen to anyone,鈥 a girl says in one of his clips.
Hogg said the students in his AP environmental science class had assumed the lockdown was a drill at first.
鈥淭hat actually helped keep a lot of us calm,鈥 he said.
Warning Signs on Alleged Shooter
While the public, and the throng of national media outlets that descended on this south Florida city, had many questions about the school鈥檚 safety procedures, they had many more questions about Cruz.
While Runcie wouldn鈥檛 share much about Cruz, citing federal privacy laws, he said the 19-year-old had been sent to another Broward County school after his expulsion from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.
69传媒 shared stories about warning signs they鈥檇 seen with Cruz: like social media posts about guns and dead animals and a 鈥渓oner鈥 mentality.
A YouTube user told CNN that he鈥檇 reported a commenter named 鈥淣ikolas Cruz鈥 to the FBI last year after he commented: 鈥淚m [sic] going to be a professional school shooter.鈥 But FBI special agent Robert Lasky said Thursday the agency was unable to confirm that the poster was Cruz.
鈥淣o other information was included with that comment which would indicate a time, location or the true identity of the person who made the comment,鈥 he said during a news conference. 鈥淭he FBI conducted database reviews, checks but was unable to further identify the person who actually made the comment.鈥
Superintendent Runcie said that district and school officials had not received any reports of Cruz鈥檚 social media posts featuring guns and other disturbing images that were apparently well known among students.
鈥淲e didn鈥檛 get any reports,鈥 he said in an interview. The district, he said, has a tip line for people to report concerns and that it frequently gets reports about students鈥 social media posts. 鈥淚 know of at least a couple cases that I am familiar with where we were able to go鈥nto a young person鈥檚 home, search their room, and we confiscated firearms and so on.鈥
But with Cruz, he said, 鈥渢here were no signs that we received from anyone. I think part of it was related to the fact that this student was really disengaged from school.鈥
The superintendent said any tips that come in are investigated and taken seriously.
鈥淏ecause we don鈥檛 want to be wrong once,鈥 he said. 鈥淲e go through lots of bomb threats drills and other threats 鈥 they all usually turn out to be false, but unfortunately in this case, nothing showed [that a threat] was potentially coming.鈥
Richard Cantlupe, a social studies teacher at Westglades Middle School, remembers Cruz very well. As the school鈥檚 union steward, Cantlupe said he knew about Cruz鈥檚 behavior problems even though he wasn鈥檛 one of his students. Cantlupe said as an 8th grader, Cruz had well over 20 disciplinary referrals. Cantlupe said the referrals would have had to be for 鈥渟erious鈥 acts because the school district has a policy that tries to keep in check the overuse of student discipline.
鈥淗e should have never been allowed to be a student at Douglas High School,鈥 Cantlupe said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 how bad his behavior was in middle school.鈥
School safety researchers say school shooters often 鈥渓eak鈥 their intentions before they act. They鈥檝e urged anonymous reporting systems, like state-run tip lines, to give students a place to report complaints.
Israel, the Broward County sheriff, urged the public to report any concerns they have to teachers, counselors, and law enforcement. He said laws should be eased so that law enforcement officers can more easily involuntarily admit people to mental-health treatment if they are concerned they may pose a harm to others.
鈥淚t鈥檚 the way we have to live our lives in circa 2018,鈥 Israel said. 鈥淚f we see something, we need to say something.鈥
Dewey Cornell, an education professor at the University of Virginia who is an expert in school threat assessment, said that one of the main lessons from this mass shooting will be that most schools do not have the resources they need to deal with deeply troubled students like Cruz.
鈥淭ypically, when we have a shooting like this, we have a young person who has been troubled for a long time,鈥 said Cornell, who provides training in threat assessment to schools, both independently and in partnership with Sandy Hook Promise.
鈥淧eople don鈥檛 just snap overnight, and there is a long period of time when they are signaling their need for assistance,鈥 Cornell said, 鈥渁nd very often schools simply don鈥檛 have the time and resources or the orientation to reach out to them and assist them.鈥
Gard, the math teacher, said he鈥檇 had Cruz in his class for one quarter of the 2016-17 school year, but he doesn鈥檛 remember anything remarkable or troubling about him. He said he would have noticed if Cruz were exhibiting some of the troubling behaviors that have surfaced in media reports. He also said he鈥檚 not shy about talking to school counselors if he鈥檚 worried about a student.
鈥淚f a kid goes from As to Fs, yeah you write that up,鈥 Gard said. 鈥淵ou don鈥檛 know. It could be an aunt dying. It could be a hamster. Or it could be something like this.鈥
