The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in an economic collapse that district leaders fear will stretch their already worn social services for homeless, low-income students, and other vulnerable groups. That could have direct, long-term implications for these students鈥� mental and physical health and, ultimately, their academic outcomes.
Advocacy groups are urging districts to do everything in their power to keep these students鈥� needs front and center as they navigate this already tumultuous school year, including enhancing transportation, mental health and food services, ensuring access to digital devices and Wi-Fi, and being in constant touch with families about their housing situation.
District and school leaders are confronting difficult, high-stakes decisions as they plan for how to reopen schools amid a global pandemic. Through eight installments, Education Week journalists explore the big challenges education leaders must address, including running a socially distanced school, rethinking how to get students to and from school, and making up for learning losses. We present a broad spectrum of options endorsed by public health officials, explain strategies that some districts will adopt, and provide estimated costs.
Part 1: The Socially Distanced School Day
Part 2: Scheduling the School Year
Part 3: Tackling the Transportation Problem
Part 4: How to Make Remote Learning Work
Part 5: Teaching and Learning
Part 6: Overcoming Learning Loss
Part 7: Teaching Social-Emotional Skills
Part 8: Closing Equity Gaps
Full Report: How We Go Back to School
Districts already have dispatched teachers, paraprofessionals, nurses, and social workers to children鈥檚 homes to conduct wellness checks, deliver digital devices, school supplies, food, toilet paper, and clothing and hygiene products, and to connect them with social services.
And they are finding an alarming number of disengaged youths, many of whom they鈥檝e lost touch with. In Texas alone, more than half a million youth were deemed 鈥渄isconnected鈥� this summer.
鈥淭hese kids aren鈥檛 disengaged because they don鈥檛 want to go to school,鈥� Kerry Wrenick, Colorado鈥檚 coordinator for education of homeless children and youth, pointed out. 鈥淚t鈥檚 sometimes because everyone in the house needs to work to survive.鈥� Or they had to move, or they were illegally or legally evicted, or parents are continuing to work so kids are going to stay during the day with an older caregiver who doesn鈥檛 know how to log in to school.鈥疶he unpredictability of this entire situation is what鈥檚 causing the most distress for both parents and school districts.鈥�
Nonetheless, there are steps schools can and should take now to prevent worse outcomes down the road for students bearing the brunt of the economic fallout.
Surge in Homelessness
Economically speaking, things will get worse before they get better.
For example, advocates are bracing for the end of a national eviction moratorium which, they say, will cause homeless rates to skyrocket. As students become homeless and increasingly on the move in search of shelter, the risk rises that schools will lose touch with them.
That鈥檚 a tragedy because, for America鈥檚 1.3 million homeless students, school is the one place in their lives where they can access a range of public services.
鈥淚t truly is seven hours of stability,鈥� said Greta Hinderliter, a homeless liaison and certified teacher in Natrona County, Wyo., schools.鈥� 鈥淔or these kids, it鈥檚 food, it鈥檚 education, it鈥檚 some love and understanding, counseling 鈥� we cram as much as we can into those seven hours.鈥�
Districts are required by federal law to provide homeless children鈥攖echnically, those without fixed, regular, and adequate housing鈥攚ith a series of services, including transportation to their home school, access to food services, and automatic enrollment.
But many districts, especially those that serve a disproportionate number of low-income, Black, and Latino students, are under their own form of fiscal distress. States鈥� sales and income tax revenue has plummeted and many districts are laying off or reassigning staff members, many of whom were tasked with caring for low-income and homeless students.
What can schools do? Here鈥檚 some advice from advocates:
1.) Enlist advocacy groups for support and training for regular educators on how to care for homeless students. Professional organizations and child advocates are scrambling to onboard new homeless liaisons, or appoint staff members tasked with assuring homeless students鈥� needs are being met, and dispatch professional development on how to care for homeless and low-income childrens鈥� needs for teachers and district leaders.
2.) Ensure that the students most in need of transportation get it. For schools conducting in-person learning, advocates worry that districts will fail to assure that homeless and low-income students have access to transportation to school and to after-school activities.
Some districts, in order to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, have changed their bus routes to prevent overcrowding on buses. Other districts, in response to budget cuts, have significantly cut back on transportation altogether. 69传媒 must factor the transportation needs of homeless students into those decisions.
3.) Be more assertive this year about reaching out to families and informing all children and their parents鈥攏o matter their existing or perceived housing situation鈥攁bout homeless students鈥� rights and the services available within and outside the district. Providing social services to migrant, foster, homeless, and low-income students for districts will be especially difficult for districts conducting all-remote learning.
Homeless-student liaisons, nurses, and social workers have historically used in-person learning to identify students鈥� needs, look for signs of abuse or distress, and make sure that children and teenagers are being properly served.
Even before the pandemic, students and their parents were reluctant to let teachers and administrators know about their housing situation, out of fear of embarrassment or bullying. They鈥檙e even less likely to let teachers know via a Zoom call that their family is homeless.
鈥淣o kid wants to go to school feeling and looking different than everybody else,鈥� Wrenick said. 鈥淭hey鈥檙e intentionally secretive for self-preservation and protection.
鈥淗ow can you help a family if you can鈥檛 connect with them?鈥� Wrenick asked.
4.) Distribute digital devices and coordinate with shelters to ensure that students have access to learning during remote instruction. Many low-income and homeless families don鈥檛 have adequate devices or access to the internet for students to log in to class for hours at a time.
鈥淲hen families can鈥檛 afford to pay for food, spending money on the internet is out of the question,鈥� Wrenick pointed out.
Advocates also worry that homeless shelters won鈥檛 be able to provide supervised rooms for school or the sort of broadband internet students need to log in to the computer. They are urging district leaders to frequently check in with local shelters to see what services they have available and what their students鈥� needs are. If possible, they鈥檙e urging shelters to set aside a supervised learning area for students.
If necessary, they said, districts should attempt to hand-deliver learning material to students without regular devices or access to the internet.
鈥淭he more stable and routine you can make the students鈥� learning environment, the better,鈥� said Kenya Haynes, a program specialist for the National Center for Homeless Education.
5.) Find new ways to ensure students are fed. Another problem families in remote-only districts are running into this year is accessing free and reduced-priced meals. While many districts last year deployed paraprofessionals and bus drivers to deliver meals to pick-up points or even to families鈥� homes, many districts this year have laid those employees off en masse until school buildings reopen.
Some districts this year, she said, are giving families debit cards to make food purchases at grocery stores, or delivering boxes of food throughout the school day rather than just during lunch times.
As her district鈥檚 homeless liaison, Hinderliter, along with her therapy dog Finnegan has spent the last few months delivering supplies, conducting wellness checks, and providing mentoring and tutoring to the district鈥檚 several hundred homeless students. With the economic downturn, the local coal mines and oil rigs have laid off scores of employees, so Hinderliter is bracing this year for the state鈥檚 homeless rate to jump from 1,700 students to almost 2,400.
鈥淚n this state, we have this saying, 鈥楥owboy up, be tough, work through it,鈥欌�� she said. 鈥淔or many of my students, that鈥檚 hard. But I see the potential in them changing their lives and getting ahead in life.鈥� I鈥檓 here to be their cheerleader.鈥�
