The new class of governors, state legislators, and chief state school officers elected last week will face formidable challenges in dealing with the squeeze the nation鈥檚 sagging economy鈥攁nd ballooning state budget deficits鈥攊s putting on K-12 education.
In the Nov. 4 elections, Democrats added one more governor鈥檚 office鈥攊n Missouri鈥攖o their power grid and built on their dominance in state legislative chambers. Democrats now control all of state government in 17 states; the Republicans鈥� prevail in eight. Control is split between parties in the others.
Such political shifts could alter education policy. In Ohio, for example, Democrats鈥� newly acquired control of the House could spell trouble for charter schools and vouchers, proponents fear.
Voters in 11 states chose governors in the Nov. 4 elections, and three contests鈥擠elaware, Missouri, and North Carolina鈥攚ere for open seats. Democrats now hold the governorship in 29 states. In addition, 44 states elected state legislators, and nine of those states saw a shift in the partisan control of one or more chambers. Among legislatures, Democrats now have control of both chambers in 27 states and Republicans in 14.
SOURCE: National Conference of State Legislatures; Education Week
The election also resulted in five state schools chiefs being chosen, and in what was an upset, Washington state Superintendent of Public Instruction Terry Bergeson lost to union official Randy Dorn.
The gloomy economic climate will pose big challenges for those crafting state budgets, which typically allocate about half their spending to education. Already, at least a dozen states have made targeted cuts to precollegiate education.
鈥淒emocrats have control at a time when you have to be slashing budgets. The party isn鈥檛 particularly good at saying no to anybody,鈥� said Joe Williams, the executive director of the New York City-based Democrats for Education Reform, which works on school reform issues nationwide.
Defending K-12 budgets could become a common theme as education groups fight with those pushing other spending priorities at a time of dwindling tax revenues.
Newly re-elected Gov. Christine Gregoire of Washington, a Democrat who survived a tough battle, faces a $3.2 billion budget shortfall next fiscal year and has pledged not to raise taxes or fees.
In Delaware, Democrat Jack Markell, now the state treasurer, was elected to fill the office vacated by Gov. Ruth Ann Minner, a Democrat, who was forced out by term limits. The winner already faces difficult decisions: The state鈥檚 budget deficit has reached $200 million, and school cuts are possible.
Missouri Switch
At the gubernatorial level, one of the Democrats鈥� biggest victories came in Missouri, which elected Attorney General Jay Nixon to replace Republican Gov. Matt Blunt, who decided not to seek re-election. Mr. Nixon鈥檚 win gave Democrats 29 governors鈥� seats.
He campaigned on improving college affordability, among other issues, and even stressed the issue during his victory speech Nov. 4.
鈥淭oo many middle-class families are unable to afford college for their children, 鈥� and too many students who make it to college are graduating with tens of thousands of dollars in debt,鈥� Mr. Nixon said. 鈥淪o we鈥檒l create a pathway for middle-class students to get a four-year degree and graduate debt-free.鈥�
He was referring to his 鈥淢issouri Promise,鈥� which would expand an existing plan that helps pay for a two-year community college or technical school degree, and would allow students who meet income, grade, and community-service criteria to earn a four-year degree tuition-free. The cost: $61 million a year.
Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels, a Republican, easily won his re-election bid in a campaign that also included a new plan to improve college affordability. He has proposed granting students who meet income requirements two years of free tuition in the state鈥檚 community college system, or the equivalent of that tuition to be used at any other state public university. It would cost $50 million a year.
Education also was a big issue in the North Carolina governor鈥檚 race. Democratic Lt. Gov. Beverly Perdue, a former teacher, defeated Charlotte Mayor Pat McCrory in what was probably the most competitive governor鈥檚 race in the country in the weeks leading up to the election.
Teachers鈥� union volunteers from North Carolina and elsewhere, as well as the National Education Association鈥檚 main office, descended on the state to help drum up support for Ms. Perdue. She campaigned on an increase in college scholarships for low-income students, more money for prekindergarten, and an expansion of the state鈥檚 teaching-fellows program as a recruitment tool.
The Washington state鈥檚 governor鈥檚 race was a rematch from four years ago. Gov. Gregoire beat Republican Dino Rossi, a businessman and former state senator whom she bested in the last election by fewer than 200 votes. This year, she won by about 150,000 votes.
Also winning re-election were Democratic Govs. Brian Schweitzer of Montana, John Lynch of New Hampshire, and Joe Manchin III of West Virginia. Republican Govs. Jim Douglas of Vermont, John Hoeven of North Dakota, and Jon Huntsman Jr. of Utah also were re-elected.
Voters delivered mixed messages in state legislative races: Five chambers switched to Democratic control, four switched to Republican, and two chambers ended up tied. Democrats won big in the Delaware House and the New York Senate, for example, while Republicans won in both chambers in Tennessee and in the Montana Senate.
Before the election, Democrats controlled both chambers in 14 states, compared with GOP control in 10 states. The two parties had split control of statehouses in 25 states, according to the Denver-based National Conference of State Legislatures鈥� tally. (Nebraska has a nonpartisan, unicameral legislature.)
Now, Democrats dominate 27 statehouses, Republicans control 14, and seven states are split鈥攖he fewest number of divided legislatures since 1982, according to the NCSL. (Nebraska and Montana, which has an evenly split lower chamber, aren鈥檛 included in that tally.)
N.Y. Turnover
The biggest legislative win was probably the New York Senate, which flipped to Democratic reign鈥攖he first time since 1935 that Democrats have controlled the New York legislature and the governor鈥檚 office at the same time, according to the ncsl. Democrats will be in charge as the budget deficit reaches $47 billion over the next four years.
鈥淵ou won鈥檛 see anyone come forward with anything that will cost more money,鈥� said Mr. Williams of the Democrats for Education Reform. 鈥淚t鈥檚 more a matter of playing defense.鈥�
That鈥檚 the sentiment, too, in Ohio鈥攁nother big win for Democrats, which claimed the House for the first time in 14 years. Though this gives Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland legislative allies, the Senate is still under the thumb of Republicans.
The Democratic surge in Ohio could threaten initiatives such as charter schools and voucher programs that have been advanced under gop legislative control, said Terry Ryan, the vice president for Ohio programs and policy at the Thomas B. Fordham Institute.
鈥淭here鈥檚 not going to be any new money, and so legislators and the governor won鈥檛 be able to do anything dramatic,鈥� Mr. Ryan said. 鈥淪o in order to be seen as doing something for education, they might say, 鈥榃e can鈥檛 afford charter schools or the voucher programs.鈥�?鈥�
Democrats suffered their biggest setback in Tennessee, where Republicans gained control of the Senate and more seats in the House. The GOP also won control of the Montana and Oklahoma senates.
Boards and Chiefs
In races that more directly affect education oversight, 10 states and the District of Columbia elected members to their state boards of education in contests that were largely uneventful, with Ohio as the notable exception. Voters there ousted two incumbents largely because their opponents鈥� name recognition was strong, according to local news media reports.
Five states also elected chief state school officers. Washington state had by far the most heated contest鈥攁nd resulted in the upset of Ms. Bergeson in a close, nonpartisan contest that wasn鈥檛 decided until two days after the election.
Ms. Bergeson had clashed with the Washington Education Association over high-stakes testing. Once the president of the state鈥檚 teachers鈥� union, she was not endorsed by the WEA in 2004 or again this year. Over the summer, Ms. Bergeson, who was first elected schools chief in 1996, sought to catch attention by shifting her stance on the federal No Child Left Behind Act, which she previously had defended.
Mr. Dorn campaigned on a message of 鈥渃hange鈥� and on ditching the state鈥檚 standardized test in favor of a 鈥渟impler, fairer鈥� test.
Indiana and Montana voters were more decisive in their election of new state schools chiefs. Republican Tony Bennett, currently the superintendent of the 11,000-student Greater Clark County school system in the southern part of Indiana, will replace Suellen K. Reed, who decided not to seek a fifth term.
In Montana, Democrat Denise Juneau, the state鈥檚 director of Indian education, will succeed Linda McCulloch, another Democrat who was barred from running again after eight years in office.
And in North Dakota, Wayne G. Sanstead won a seventh term to continue his streak as the nation鈥檚 longest-serving state schools superintendent.
