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With scores of state school board seats nationwide hanging on the results of next month鈥檚 elections, the results could have a quiet but significant impact on education policy at a time when board members鈥� influence and relationships with other state political leaders are in transition.

Nine states are holding direct elections this cycle for some or all the seats on their state boards of education, including Colorado, Ohio, and Texas. (New Mexico鈥檚 elected Public Education Commission鈥攁lso up for grabs鈥攕erves only in an advisory role to the state superintendent.)

Four of the board elections, in Nebraska, Nevada, Ohio, and Utah, are nonpartisan.

In addition, eight states in which governors appoint board members鈥擠elaware, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Vermont, and West Virginia鈥攈ave gubernatorial contests this year, further raising the stakes.

In all, about one-sixth of the approximately 600 state board seats could change hands this year through elections or subsequent appointments, said Jim Kohlmoos, the executive director of the National Association of State Boards of Education, or NASBE, based in Arlington, Va. He also said that turnover among state schools chiefs and governors may increase state boards鈥� importance, even though the boards often have a low political profile.

鈥淲ith all the churning that鈥檚 going on at the state level, the power struggle or whatever, state boards are actually a stabilizing force,鈥� Mr. Kohlmoos said.

In recent years, as governors have tried to exert more influence on their state education systems, they have directed some efforts at their state boards, said Kathy Christie, an education analyst for the Denver-based Education Commission of the States.

In 2010, for example, Hawaii鈥檚 governor gained the power to appoint board members who previously were selected by voters on a statewide basis. In Oregon, legislation passed in 2011 allows the governor to take a broad leadership role in the state鈥檚 new education governing system.

鈥淪ome people see it as a balance of power; some see it as a conflict of power,鈥� Ms. Christie said.

Lone Star Makeover

Because of the redistricting process this year, all 15 seats on the Texas board of education are up for election, and there could be a shift in the ideological blocs on the board, now made up of 11 Republicans and four Democrats and famous for its battles over curriculum.

A 2011 measure signed into law by Gov. Rick Perry, a Republican, transferred the ultimate power over selection of instructional materials from the state board to districts, although the board still provides an approved list of materials based on the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills, or TEKS, standards that districts can use for guidance.

That responsibility could make headlines in November 2013, when board members are due to approve a list of science materials that they say meet TEKS standards, and traditional hot-button issues like evolution could create heated discussions among board members.

The three factions on the board鈥攎oderate GOP members, more conservative Republicans, and Democrats鈥攃ould also see their numbers and influence shift, said David Anderson, who leads the education practice at HillCo Partners, a lobbying firm in Austin, Texas.

鈥淭hree years ago, there were enough social conservatives on the board that they could control the agenda,鈥� Mr. Anderson said. 鈥淣ow there are enough moderate Republicans on the board that they can control the agenda.鈥�

Geraldine 鈥淭incy鈥� Miller, a 26-year board veteran who was defeated in 2010 but won her GOP primary this year, could be a swing vote, Mr. Anderson said. Ms. Miller has argued against the role of 鈥渓iberal professors鈥� in textbooks and 鈥減olitically correct鈥� U.S. history textbooks.

Two Democratic candidates, Marisa Perez and Martha Dominguez, could also change the partisan balance on the board, despite perceptions, especially during the primary season, that Ms. Perez and Ms. Dominguez were unknown quantities. Earlier this year, Ms. Dominguez even tried to withdraw from the race, only to submit her request to the wrong organization.

Partisan Rancor

Nationwide, state board members increasingly sense that the feedback they get from the public has become divisive and partisan, Mr. Kohlmoos said, with the increasing use of phrases such as 鈥渂ad teachers鈥� in comments to board members. He said that he hopes the political pendulum swings the other way after the presidential contest so that the tone of education policy discussions can change.

One of the biggest challenges that boards face, in Mr. Kohlmoos鈥� view, has to do with helping districts prepare for the common-core standards in English/language arts and mathematics and how the common core will affect teacher quality and evaluations.

Angelika Schroeder, a Democratic incumbent on the Colorado board of education, said that in addition to the implementation of nationwide initiatives like the common core, she and her colleagues have been challenged to help the state鈥檚 178 districts carry out new state legislation. Districts have asked the state board, for example, to develop a model curriculum for them as an option.

鈥淭he capacity to do that on their own just isn鈥檛 there,鈥� because of school funding woes, Ms. Schroeder said.

Ann Fattor, her Republican challenger, said she believes her race might be better if it were nonpartisan, since it could force more people to rely on what they learn about the candidates and the different issues in the race, instead of just on party affiliations.

鈥淵ou鈥檝e got a lot of [the] voting population that doesn鈥檛 do a lot of research,鈥� Ms. Fattor said.

One policy area where Ms. Schroeder tried to distinguish herself from her opponent, for example, was on charter schools. She said she was more cautious about allowing some charter schools to continue operating, saying that she would be likely to focus on their quality.

Ms. Fattor, in turn, contested the idea that Republicans fail to take into account the quality of school choice. She argued, for example, that if Colorado were to pass a tax-credit scholarship or voucher program, schools receiving those funds should be subject to the same testing and accountability system as regular public schools.

Ms. Fattor also said that she was not as supportive of teachers鈥� unions as Ms. Schroeder, arguing that the unions often hurt their own teachers鈥� work by tying teachers and schools up with regulations. Ms. Schroeder has received campaign contributions from teachers鈥� unions in the state totaling $2,000, according to the Helena, Mont.-based National Institute on Money in State Politics, while Ms. Fattor has received no campaign support from teachers鈥� unions.